منابع مشابه
Understanding the Realities of Modern Patent Litigation
Sixteen years ago, two of us published the first detailed empirical look at patent litigation. In this Article, we update and expand the earlier study with a new hand-coded data set. We evaluate all substantive decisions rendered by any court in every patent case filed in 2008 and 2009—decisions made between 2009 and 2013. We consider not just patent validity but also infringement and unenforce...
متن کاملLitigation in clinical research: malpractice doctrines versus research realities.
uman clinical research trials, by which corporations, universities, and research scientists bring new drugs, devices, H and procedures into the practice and marketplace of medicine, have become a huge business. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) doubled its spending over the past five years,’ while in the private sector the top twenty pharmaceutical companies have more than doubled their i...
متن کاملHow many neutrophils are enough (redux, redux)?
Many chemotherapeutic regimens produce neutropenia, which predisposes to microbial infection. However, not all neutropenic individuals develop infections, so the ability to predict this outcome would be a powerful clinical tool. In this issue of the JCI, Malka et al. describe a dynamic system model of neutrophil bactericidal activity that confirms and extends the concept of critical neutrophil ...
متن کاملNormativity redux.
ROBIN S. WAPLES,∗ PETER B. ADAMS,† JAMES BOHNSACK,‡ AND BARBARA L. TAYLOR§ ∗Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, U.S.A., email [email protected] †Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, U.S.A. ‡Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL 33149, U.S.A. §Southwest Fisheries Science C...
متن کاملResistance redux
the human species is one of the young est forms of life on earth, yet it has become the dominant force in evolu tion. Most of the main environmental prob lems—global warming, pollution, loss of biodiversity, land erosion and the emission of greenhouse gases—are caused, either directly or indirectly, by human activities. Optimists hope that these huge environ mental changes might be at least...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: SSRN Electronic Journal
سال: 2008
ISSN: 1556-5068
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1112274